The sun had just set, and the forest was in darkness. ðə sʌn hæd ʤʌst sɛt, ənd ðə ˈfɔrəst wɑz ɪn ˈdɑrknəs. 太阳刚刚落山,森林里一片漆黑。 A huge lizard-like creature was hiding in the bushes. ə hjuʤ lizard-like* ˈkriʧər wɑz ˈhaɪdɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈbʊʃəz. 灌木丛中藏着一只巨大的蜥蜴状生物。 It was still as a statue, from the tip of its snout to the curve of its tail. ɪt wɑz stɪl æz ə ˈstæˌʧu, frʌm ðə tɪp ʌv ɪts snaʊt tu ðə kərv ʌv ɪts teɪl. 从鼻子的尖端到尾巴的曲线,它仍然像一尊雕像。 Only its sharp eyes moved, darting left and right. ˈoʊnli ɪts ʃɑrp aɪz muvd, ˈdɑrtɪŋ lɛft ənd raɪt. 只有它那双锐利的眼睛在动,左闪右闪。 Its nostrils twitched as it smelled dinner. ɪts ˈnɑstrəlz twɪʧt æz ɪt smɛld ˈdɪnər. 当它闻到晚餐的味道时,它的鼻孔抽动着。 A juicy little insect! ə ˈʤusi ˈlɪtəl ˈɪnˌsɛkt! 多汁的小昆虫! The giant lizard got ready to pounce when ... ðə ʤaɪənt ˈlɪzərd gɑt ˈrɛdi tu paʊns wɛn 巨型蜥蜴准备猛扑时...
Suddenly, the ground rumbled and shook. ˈsʌdənli, ðə graʊnd ˈrʌmbəld ənd ʃʊk. 突然,地面隆隆作响,摇晃起来。 Animals were running in all directions. ˈænəməlz wər ˈrʌnɪŋ ɪn ɔl dərˈɛkʃənz. 动物们四处奔跑。 The poor lizard-creature was almost run over. ðə pur lizard-creature* wɑz ˈɔlˌmoʊst rʌn ˈoʊvər. 可怜的蜥蜴生物几乎被碾过。 Angrily, it turned back to see what was causing all the confusion. ˈæŋgrəli, ɪt tərnd bæk tu si wʌt wɑz ˈkɑzɪŋ ɔl ðə kənfˈjuʒən. 愤怒地,它转过身去看看是什么造成了所有的混乱。 GULP! gʌlp! 咕噜! A terrifying beast was charging down the forest path. ə ˈtɛrəˌfaɪɪŋ bist wɑz ˈʧɑrʤɪŋ daʊn ðə ˈfɔrəst pæθ. 一头可怕的野兽正在林间小道上冲锋。 It was taller than the tallest trees, and had skin as rough as rock. ɪt wɑz ˈtɔlər ðæn ðə ˈtɔlɪst triz, ənd hæd skɪn æz rʌf æz rɑk. 它比最高的树还高,皮肤像岩石一样粗糙。 Oh no! oʊ noʊ! 不好了! Was the hunter about to become the prey? wɑz ðə ˈhʌntər əˈbaʊt tu bɪˈkʌm ðə preɪ? 猎人要变成猎物了吗?
This is NOT a story. ðɪs ɪz nɑt ə ˈstɔri. 这不是故事。 Such creatures actually lived on Earth a long, long time ago. sʌʧ ˈkriʧərz ˈæˌkʧuəli lɪvd ɑn ərθ ə lɔŋ, lɔŋ taɪm əˈgoʊ. 这些生物实际上在很久很久以前就生活在地球上。 A time when there were no humans or dogs or birds. ə taɪm wɛn ðɛr wər noʊ ˈhjumənz ɔr dɑgz ɔr bərdz. 一个没有人类、狗或鸟的时代。 Instead there were mammoths, dinosaurs, giant insects, and even ferocious fish-like creatures in the oceans. ˌɪnˈstɛd ðɛr wər ˈmæməθs, ˈdaɪnəˌsɔrz, ʤaɪənt ˈɪnˌsɛkts, ənd ˈivɪn fərˈoʊʃəs fish-like* ˈkriʧərz ɪn ðə ˈoʊʃənz. 取而代之的是海洋中的猛犸象、恐龙、巨型昆虫,甚至是凶猛的鱼类生物。 There were also strange-looking plants different from those we have today. ðɛr wər ˈɔlsoʊ strange-looking* plænts ˈdɪfərənt frʌm ðoʊz wi hæv təˈdeɪ. 还有一些奇形怪状的植物,与我们今天的植物不同。
How do we know this? haʊ du wi noʊ ðɪs? 我们怎么知道呢? Because of science. bɪˈkɔz ʌv saɪəns. 因为科学。 A very special branch of science called 'Palaeontology' (pronounced pay-lee-on- tol-oji). ə ˈvɛri ˈspɛʃəl brænʧ ʌv saɪəns kɔld 'palaeontology*' (prəˈnaʊnst pay-lee-on*- tol-oji*). 一个非常特殊的科学分支称为“古生物学”(发音为 pay-lee-on-tol-oji)。 Palaeontology is the study of plants and animals that lived on Earth many, many years ago. palaeontology* ɪz ðə ˈstʌdi ʌv plænts ənd ˈænəməlz ðæt lɪvd ɑn ərθ ˈmɛni, ˈmɛni jɪrz əˈgoʊ. 古生物学是对很多很多年前生活在地球上的植物和动物的研究。 And paleontologists are scientists who study this science. ənd ˌpeɪliənˈtɑləʤɪsts ɑr ˈsaɪəntɪsts hu ˈstʌdi ðɪs saɪəns. 古生物学家是研究这门科学的科学家。 Just as the ruins of an old palace can tell us things about a king from the past (like how grand his throne was, or what his favourite weapon was), there are clues deep inside the earth that can tell us many things about ancient animals. animal preserved in stone! ʤʌst æz ðə ruənz ʌv æn oʊld ˈpæləs kæn tɛl ʌs θɪŋz əˈbaʊt ə kɪŋ frʌm ðə pæst (laɪk haʊ grænd hɪz θroʊn wɑz, ɔr wʌt hɪz ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈwɛpən wɑz), ðɛr ɑr kluz dip ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ərθ ðæt kæn tɛl ʌs ˈmɛni θɪŋz əˈbaʊt ˈeɪnʧənt ˈænəməlz. ˈænəməl prəˈzərvd ɪn stoʊn! 正如古老宫殿的废墟可以告诉我们关于一位国王的事情(比如他的宝座有多么宏伟,或者他最喜欢的武器是什么),地球深处也有一些线索可以告诉我们许多关于古代动物的事情.动物保存在石头里!
These animals lived millions and millions of years ago, long before apes or humans appeared on Earth! ðiz ˈænəməlz lɪvd ˈmɪljənz ənd ˈmɪljənz ʌv jɪrz əˈgoʊ, lɔŋ bɪˈfɔr eɪps ɔr ˈhjumənz əˈpɪrd ɑn ərθ! 这些动物生活在数百万年前,远早于类人猿或人类出现在地球上! How did their remains not rot and decay? haʊ dɪd ðɛr rɪˈmeɪnz nɑt rɑt ənd dɪˈkeɪ? 他们的遗体如何不腐烂腐烂? And how are they still preserved? ənd haʊ ɑr ðeɪ stɪl prəˈzərvd? 它们是如何保存下来的? Well, when these creatures died and as they rotted, they got buried under layers and layers of soil. wɛl, wɛn ðiz ˈkriʧərz daɪd ənd æz ðeɪ ˈrɑtɪd, ðeɪ gɑt ˈbɛrid ˈʌndər leɪərz ənd leɪərz ʌv sɔɪl. 好吧,当这些生物死去并腐烂时,它们会被一层又一层的土壤掩埋。 The skin and flesh decayed and disappeared, but the hard bones and teeth remained because of the tightly packed soil. ðə skɪn ənd flɛʃ dɪˈkeɪd ənd ˌdɪsəˈpɪrd, bʌt ðə hɑrd boʊnz ənd tiθ rɪˈmeɪnd bɪˈkɔz ʌv ðə ˈtaɪtli pækt sɔɪl. 皮肉腐烂消失,唯有坚硬的骨头和牙齿,因为泥土压得严严实实,才得以保留下来。 All these layers of soil, along with the bones, became hard and turned into rock. ɔl ðiz leɪərz ʌv sɔɪl, əˈlɔŋ wɪð ðə boʊnz, bɪˈkeɪm hɑrd ənd tərnd ˈɪntu rɑk. 所有这些层层土壤,连同骨头,都变得坚硬,变成了岩石。 Plant and animal remains preserved as imprints in this rock are called fossils. plænt ənd ˈænəməl rɪˈmeɪnz prəˈzərvd æz ˌɪmˈprɪnts ɪn ðɪs rɑk ɑr kɔld ˈfɑsəlz. 植物和动物遗骸作为印记保存在这块岩石中,称为化石。
When scientists first discovered huge bones buried under the surface of the earth, they did not know what these were. wɛn ˈsaɪəntɪsts fərst dɪˈskʌvərd hjuʤ boʊnz ˈbɛrid ˈʌndər ðə ˈsərfəs ʌv ðə ərθ, ðeɪ dɪd nɑt noʊ wʌt ðiz wər. 当科学家们第一次发现埋在地表下的巨大骨头时,他们并不知道这些是什么。 The bones were larger than any animal they had ever known. ðə boʊnz wər ˈlɑrʤər ðæn ˈɛni ˈænəməl ðeɪ hæd ˈɛvər noʊn. 这些骨头比他们所知道的任何动物都要大。 Bones as long as tree trunks, skulls the size of autorickshaws, teeth as big as ice-cream cones, and claws like knives! boʊnz æz lɔŋ æz tri trʌŋks, skʌls ðə saɪz ʌv autorickshaws*, tiθ æz bɪg æz ˈaɪˌskrim koʊnz, ənd klɔz laɪk naɪvz! 骨头有树干那么长,头骨有机动车那么大,牙齿有冰淇淋蛋筒那么大,爪子有刀子那么大! They kept putting the bones together in different ways to see if they could come up with an animal they recognised. ðeɪ kɛpt ˈpʌtɪŋ ðə boʊnz təˈgɛðər ɪn ˈdɪfərənt weɪz tu si ɪf ðeɪ kʊd kʌm ʌp wɪð æn ˈænəməl ðeɪ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd. 他们不断地以不同的方式将骨头放在一起,看看他们是否能想出一种他们认识的动物。 Finally, it all clicked into place, like a puzzle. ˈfaɪnəli, ɪt ɔl klɪkt ˈɪntu pleɪs, laɪk ə ˈpʌzəl. 最后,一切都像拼图一样卡入到位。
Paleontologists can tell a lot about an animal from its skeleton. ˌpeɪliənˈtɑləʤɪsts kæn tɛl ə lɑt əˈbaʊt æn ˈænəməl frʌm ɪts ˈskɛlətən. 古生物学家可以从动物的骨骼中了解很多关于动物的信息。 For example, if the bones of the legs are much larger than the bones of the forelimbs, it is possible that this animal walked on two legs. fɔr ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪf ðə boʊnz ʌv ðə lɛgz ɑr mʌʧ ˈlɑrʤər ðæn ðə boʊnz ʌv ðə ˈfɔˌrlɪmz, ɪt ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl ðæt ðɪs ˈænəməl wɔkt ɑn tu lɛgz. 例如,如果腿部的骨骼比前肢的骨骼大得多,那么这只动物就有可能用两条腿走路。 Just like that gigantic creature we met earlier! ʤʌst laɪk ðæt ʤaɪˈgæntɪk ˈkriʧər wi mɛt ˈərliər! 就像我们刚才遇到的那个巨大的生物一样! That fearsome creature is called Tyrannosaurus Rex (T.rex for short). ðæt ˈfɪrsəm ˈkriʧər ɪz kɔld tɪrænəˈsɔrəs rɛks (t.rex* fɔr ʃɔrt). 那个可怕的生物叫做霸王龙(简称T.rex)。 If the bones of all the legs are equal in size, there is a good chance that this animal walked on all fours-like the Diplodocus which had four stout legs and a really long neck. ɪf ðə boʊnz ʌv ɔl ðə lɛgz ɑr ˈikwəl ɪn saɪz, ðɛr ɪz ə gʊd ʧæns ðæt ðɪs ˈænəməl wɔkt ɑn ɔl fours-like* ðə diplodocus* wɪʧ hæd fɔr staʊt lɛgz ənd ə ˈrɪli lɔŋ nɛk. 如果所有腿的骨头大小都相等,那么这种动物很可能是四肢行走——就像梁龙一样,它有四条粗壮的腿和一个很长的脖子。
Fossils of their teeth give great clues about what ancient creatures liked to eat. ˈfɑsəlz ʌv ðɛr tiθ gɪv greɪt kluz əˈbaʊt wʌt ˈeɪnʧənt ˈkriʧərz laɪkt tu it. 它们的牙齿化石为了解古代生物喜欢吃什么提供了很好的线索。 Many skeletons had long, sharp teeth which are good for eating meat. ˈmɛni ˈskɛlətənz hæd lɔŋ, ʃɑrp tiθ wɪʧ ɑr gʊd fɔr ˈitɪŋ mit. 许多骷髅有长而锋利的牙齿,适合吃肉。 Some skeletons had flat, broad and smooth teeth good for chewing leaves and the bark of trees. sʌm ˈskɛlətənz hæd flæt, brɔd ənd smuð tiθ gʊd fɔr ʧuɪŋ livz ənd ðə bɑrk ʌv triz. 有些骷髅有扁平、宽阔且光滑的牙齿,适合咀嚼树叶和树皮。 They were good for chewing leaves and the bark of trees. ðeɪ wər gʊd fɔr ʧuɪŋ livz ənd ðə bɑrk ʌv triz. 它们很适合咀嚼树叶和树皮。 So we know that there were some vegetarian dinosaurs too! soʊ wi noʊ ðæt ðɛr wər sʌm ˌvɛʤəˈtɛˌriən ˈdaɪnəˌsɔrz tu! 所以我们知道也有一些吃素的恐龙! But scientists don't always find entire skeletons. bʌt ˈsaɪəntɪsts doʊnt ˈɔlˌweɪz faɪnd ɪnˈtaɪər ˈskɛlətənz. 但科学家并不总能找到完整的骨骼。 They discover only a few bones-a finger here, a rib there, or maybe just a couple of bones from the spine. ðeɪ dɪˈskʌvər ˈoʊnli ə fju bones-a* ˈfɪŋgər hir, ə rɪb ðɛr, ɔr ˈmeɪbi ʤʌst ə ˈkʌpəl ʌv boʊnz frʌm ðə spaɪn. 他们只发现了几根骨头——这里是一根手指,那里是一根肋骨,或者可能只是脊柱上的几块骨头。
Not all fossils are bones. nɑt ɔl ˈfɑsəlz ɑr boʊnz. 并非所有的化石都是骨头。 Some are just marks, like footprints we leave when we walk on soft mud. sʌm ɑr ʤʌst mɑrks, laɪk ˈfʊtˌprɪnts wi liv wɛn wi wɔk ɑn sɑft mʌd. 有些只是标记,就像我们在软泥上行走时留下的脚印。 Dinosaurs left footprints too, and before these prints could disappear, the soil got covered with layers of sand and rock. ˈdaɪnəˌsɔrz lɛft ˈfʊtˌprɪnts tu, ənd bɪˈfɔr ðiz prɪnts kʊd ˌdɪsəˈpɪr, ðə sɔɪl gɑt ˈkʌvərd wɪð leɪərz ʌv sænd ənd rɑk. 恐龙也留下了脚印,在这些脚印消失之前,土壤已经覆盖了一层层的沙子和岩石。 So the prints stayed intact for millions of years. soʊ ðə prɪnts steɪd ˌɪnˈtækt fɔr ˈmɪljənz ʌv jɪrz. 因此,这些指纹在数百万年内都完好无损。 In fact, by measuring the distance between footprints, paleontologists can guess the height of the animal. ɪn fækt, baɪ ˈmɛʒərɪŋ ðə ˈdɪstəns bɪtˈwin ˈfʊtˌprɪnts, ˌpeɪliənˈtɑləʤɪsts kæn gɛs ðə haɪt ʌv ðə ˈænəməl. 事实上,通过测量足迹之间的距离,古生物学家可以推测出这种动物的身高。 They can also tell how it stood and walked. ðeɪ kæn ˈɔlsoʊ tɛl haʊ ɪt stʊd ənd wɔkt. 他们还可以说出它是如何站立和行走的。
Some of the strangest fossil marks were left by plants. sʌm ʌv ðə ˈstreɪnʤɪst ˈfɑsəl mɑrks wər lɛft baɪ plænts. 一些最奇怪的化石痕迹是植物留下的。 Paleontologists have discovered interestingly- shaped leaves and flowers that cannot be seen anywhere today. ˌpeɪliənˈtɑləʤɪsts hæv dɪˈskʌvərd ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋli- ʃeɪpt livz ənd flaʊərz ðæt ˈkænɑt bi sin ˈɛniˌwɛr təˈdeɪ. 古生物学家发现了今天在任何地方都看不到的形状有趣的叶子和花朵。
But here's the most fun clue of all! bʌt hɪrz ðə moʊst fʌn klu ʌv ɔl! 但这是最有趣的线索! Any idea what this might be? ˈɛni aɪˈdiə wʌt ðɪs maɪt bi? 知道这可能是什么吗? Is it a football? ɪz ɪt ə ˈfʊtˌbɔl? 是足球吗? Is it a cannonball? ɪz ɪt ə ˈkænənˌbɔl? 是炮弹吗? Is it an egg? ɪz ɪt æn ɛg? 是鸡蛋吗? That's right! ðæts raɪt! 这是正确的! It's an egg! ɪts æn ɛg! 这是一个鸡蛋! A giant, fossilized egg. ə ʤaɪənt, ˈfɑsəˌlaɪzd ɛg. 一个巨大的化石蛋。 Scientists have found whole eggs that even contain the outline of an unhatched baby dinosaur inside! ˈsaɪəntɪsts hæv faʊnd hoʊl ɛgz ðæt ˈivɪn kənˈteɪn ðə ˈaʊˌtlaɪn ʌv æn unhatched* ˈbeɪbi ˈdaɪnəˌsɔr ˌɪnˈsaɪd! 科学家们发现了完整的蛋,里面甚至还有未孵化的小恐龙的轮廓! Perhaps they got buried in a landslide or lava from a volcano before they could hatch. pərˈhæps ðeɪ gɑt ˈbɛrid ɪn ə ˈlændsˌlaɪd ɔr ˈlɑvə frʌm ə vɑlˈkeɪnoʊ bɪˈfɔr ðeɪ kʊd hæʧ. 也许它们在孵化之前就被山体滑坡或火山熔岩掩埋了。 In Mongolia, scientists discovered eggs along with the skeleton of an adult dinosaur in an attacking pose. ɪn mɑŋˈgoʊliə, ˈsaɪəntɪsts dɪˈskʌvərd ɛgz əˈlɔŋ wɪð ðə ˈskɛlətən ʌv æn əˈdʌlt ˈdaɪnəˌsɔr ɪn æn əˈtækɪŋ poʊz. 在蒙古,科学家们发现了蛋和一具成年恐龙的骨架,这些恐龙正处于攻击姿势。 They thought that the big dinosaur, fancying an omelette for breakfast, had come to eat the eggs. ðeɪ θɔt ðæt ðə bɪg ˈdaɪnəˌsɔr, fancying* æn omelette* fɔr ˈbrɛkfəst, hæd kʌm tu it ðə ɛgz. 他们以为大恐龙早餐想吃煎蛋,是来吃鸡蛋的。 They named it Oviraptor, meaning 'egg hunter'. ðeɪ neɪmd ɪt oviraptor*, ˈminɪŋ 'ɛg ˈhʌntər'. 他们将它命名为 Oviraptor,意思是“猎蛋者”。
Soon, they started discovering many fossilized eggs close to Oviraptor skeletons in different poses. sun, ðeɪ ˈstɑrtəd dɪˈskʌvərɪŋ ˈmɛni ˈfɑsəˌlaɪzd ɛgz kloʊs tu oviraptor* ˈskɛlətənz ɪn ˈdɪfərənt ˈpoʊzəz. 很快,他们开始在不同姿势的偷蛋龙骨骼附近发现许多化石蛋。 They realised that it was actually the parent dinosaur protecting its own eggs, and not trying to eat them! ðeɪ ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðæt ɪt wɑz ˈæˌkʧuəli ðə ˈpɛrənt ˈdaɪnəˌsɔr prəˈtɛktɪŋ ɪts oʊn ɛgz, ənd nɑt traɪɪŋ tu it ðɛm! 他们意识到它实际上是保护自己的蛋的父母恐龙,而不是试图吃掉它们! Most unfairly, the name Oviraptor stuck. moʊst ənˈfɛrli, ðə neɪm oviraptor* stʌk. 最不公平的是,Oviraptor 这个名字被保留了下来。 As you might have guessed, we don't know everything about these creatures yet. æz ju maɪt hæv gɛst, wi doʊnt noʊ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðiz ˈkriʧərz jɛt. 正如您可能已经猜到的那样,我们还不完全了解这些生物。 There are a lot of clues that don't really fit, and some clues were put together all wrong. ðɛr ɑr ə lɑt ʌv kluz ðæt doʊnt ˈrɪli fɪt, ənd sʌm kluz wər pʊt təˈgɛðər ɔl rɔŋ. 有很多线索不太对劲,有些线索放在一起全错了。 Scientists are still trying to figure them out. ˈsaɪəntɪsts ɑr stɪl traɪɪŋ tu ˈfɪgjər ðɛm aʊt. 科学家们仍在努力弄清楚它们。 There is a lot of digging to be done! ðɛr ɪz ə lɑt ʌv ˈdɪgɪŋ tu bi dʌn! 有很多挖掘工作要做! Would you like to be a paleontologist and help solve some mysteries? wʊd ju laɪk tu bi ə ˌpeɪliənˈtɑləʤɪst ənd hɛlp sɑlv sʌm ˈmɪstəriz? 你想成为一名古生物学家并帮助解决一些谜团吗? What are you waiting for? wʌt ɑr ju ˈweɪtɪŋ fɔr? 你在等什么? Grab a shovel! græb ə ˈʃʌvəl! 拿起铲子!
Meet some other fascinating creatures from the past. mit sʌm ˈʌðər ˈfæsəˌneɪtɪŋ ˈkriʧərz frʌm ðə pæst. 认识一些来自过去的其他迷人生物。 Woolly Mammoth These animals were related to elephants, and had tusks that were 15 feet long! ˈwʊli ˈmæməθ ðiz ˈænəməlz wər rɪˈleɪtɪd tu ˈɛləfənts, ənd hæd tʌsks ðæt wər 15 fit lɔŋ! 长毛猛犸象 这些动物与大象有关,长有 15 英尺长的象牙!
Ichthyosaurs These creatures looked like fish but they were actually reptiles that lived in the sea. ichthyosaurs* ðiz ˈkriʧərz lʊkt laɪk fɪʃ bʌt ðeɪ wər ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈrɛptaɪlz ðæt lɪvd ɪn ðə si. 鱼龙 这些生物看起来像鱼,但实际上是生活在海中的爬行动物。 The name ichthyosaur means 'fish lizard' in Greek. ðə neɪm ichthyosaur* minz 'fɪʃ ˈlɪzərd' ɪn grik. 鱼龙这个名字在希腊语中的意思是“鱼蜥蜴”。 Bear dogs These animals were neither bears nor dogs, but a group of animals related to both bears and dogs. bɛr dɑgz ðiz ˈænəməlz wər ˈniðər bɛrz nɔr dɑgz, bʌt ə grup ʌv ˈænəməlz rɪˈleɪtɪd tu boʊθ bɛrz ənd dɑgz. 熊犬 这些动物既不是熊也不是狗,而是与熊和狗都有亲缘关系的一群动物。